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Guide for Most commonly used 5 plastic resin selection of engineering plastics

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Guide for Most commonly used 5 plastic resin selection of engineering plastics

Engineering plastics, also known as modified plastics, can be used as engineering materials and plastics to replace metal in the manufacture of machine parts. Engineering plastics have excellent comprehensive performance, high stiffness, low creep, high mechanical strength, good heat resistance, good electrical insulation, and can be used in harsh chemical and physical environment for a long time. They can replace metal as engineering structural materials, but the price is high and the output is small.

classification

engineering plastics

Engineering plastics can be divided into general engineering plastics and special engineering plastics. The former mainly includes five general-purpose engineering plastics: polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, modified polyphenylene ether, and thermoplastic polyester; the latter mainly refers to engineering plastics with heat resistance above 150°C. Sulfides, polyethers, aramids, polyphenylene esters, polyphenylene esters, liquid crystal polymers, and fluororesins.
The performance characteristics of engineering plastics mainly include:
(1) Compared with ordinary plastics, it has excellent heat resistance and cold resistance, and has excellent mechanical properties in a wide temperature range, and is suitable for structural materials;
(2) Good corrosion resistance, less affected by the environment, and good durability;
(3) Compared with metal materials, it is easy to process, has high production efficiency, simplifies procedures and saves costs;
(4) Good dimensional stability and electrical insulation;
(5) Light weight, high specific strength, outstanding anti-friction and wear resistance.
Engineering plastics developed rapidly in the 1950s. Although nylon 66 resin has been successfully developed and put into production as early as 1939, it is mainly used to make synthetic fibers. It was not until the 1950s that it broke through the traditional use of pure fibers and made plastics through molding and processing. The really rapid development of engineering plastics came after the successful development of polyoxymethylene and polycarbonate in the late 1950s, and their emergence was of particular significance. Due to the high crystallinity of polyoxymethylene, it has excellent mechanical properties, so for the first time plastics were listed as alternative metal materials for structural materials. With the successful development of polyoxymethylene and the popularization of screw injection molding machines, the important position of engineering plastics in the field of materials has been further established. Polycarbonate is a kind of transparent engineering plastic with excellent comprehensive performance, which is widely used and one of the fastest growing engineering plastics. In the field of engineering plastics, its output and consumption are second only to polyamide.
In 1961, DuPont successfully developed polyimide, which opened the way to the development of special engineering plastics. The emergence of polyimide also promoted the development of many heat-resistant engineering plastics, such as polyether, polyphenylene sulfide and polybenzimidazole, which had a profound impact on the development of the plastics industry.
In 1964, General Motors of the United States put the polyphenylene ether resin it developed into industrial production.
In 1980, the British ICI company successfully developed polyether ketone (PEEK), a special engineering plastic with a melting point of 336°C. PEEK It has excellent heat resistance, radiation resistance and chemical resistance, and can be injection molded, so it has attracted a lot of attention. Composite materials made of PEEK glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforcement have been used in aviation and aerospace.
The successful development of thermal liquid crystal polymers in the mid-1980s was another major event in the history of the development of special engineering plastics. Liquid crystal polymer has excellent heat resistance, which can reach 200°C. It has the characteristics of self-reinforcement, high strength, high modulus, chemical resistance, etc., low melt viscosity, easy molding, and has broad application prospects in the field of electronics industry.


application
Compared with ordinary plastics, engineering plastics can meet higher requirements in terms of mechanical properties, durability, corrosion resistance and heat resistance, are more convenient to process, and can replace metal materials. Engineering plastics are widely used in electrical and electronic, automobile, construction, office equipment, machinery, aerospace and other industries. Plastic instead of steel and plastic instead of wood has become an international trend. Engineering plastics have become the fastest growing field of plastics industry in the world today. Its development not only supports the country’s pillar industries and modern high-tech industries, but also promotes the transformation of traditional industries and the adjustment of product structure.
Engineering plastics are mainly used in bumpers, fuel tanks, instrument panels, body panels, doors, lamp covers, fuel pipes, radiators and engine-related components.
In terms of machinery, engineering plastics can be used in mechanical parts such as bearings, gears, nuts, seals and housings, covers, handwheels, handles, fasteners and pipe joints.
In electronic appliances, engineering plastics can be used for insulating materials such as wire and cable coating, printed circuit boards, insulating films, and structural parts of electrical equipment.
In household appliances, engineering plastics can be used in refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, TVs, electric fans, vacuum cleaners, electric irons, microwave ovens, rice cookers, radios, combined audio equipment and lighting equipment.
In the chemical industry, engineering plastics can be used in chemical equipment such as heat exchangers and chemical equipment linings, as well as chemical pipelines such as pipes and fittings, valves, and pumps.
Due to the rapid development of China’s automobile, electronics and construction industries, China has become the country with the fastest growing demand for engineering plastics in the world. According to analysis, with the continuous development of the domestic economy, the demand for engineering plastics will further increase, and the development prospects of China’s engineering plastics industry are very broad. For the home appliance industry, the annual demand for engineering plastics for refrigerators, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and various small home appliances is about 600,000 tons. The amount of engineering plastics used in communication infrastructure construction, railway, and road construction is even more alarming. It is expected that the total demand will reach more than 4.5 million tons in the next few years.
In 2010, my country’s engineering plastics consumption reached 2.44 million tons, an increase of 110,000 tons and 30,000% year-on-year, making it the country with the fastest growing demand in the world; in 2011, China’s engineering plastics consumption was 2.72 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 110,000 tons. 34%. It is estimated that by 2013, my country’s engineering plastics consumption will reach 3.37 million tons, and in 2015 will reach 4.17 million tons.


Prospects
According to the Markets and Markets research report, the global market value of engineering plastics in 2013 was about 535. It is expected to reach 79 billion US dollars by 2018, with a compound annual growth rate of 800 million US dollars.
Engineering plastics have excellent stability, good heat resistance, chemical resistance and high strength, and are widely used in a wide range of fields, and the demand continues to grow rapidly. One of the major uses of engineering plastics is to replace metals in various end-use industries. In particular, increasingly stringent environmental regulations require cars to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy, and engineering plastics are widely used in the automotive and transportation industries. In addition, engineering plastics are widely used in consumer and home appliances, electrical and electronics, industrial machinery, packaging, medical, construction and other industries.
In 2014, the Asia-Pacific region occupied the main body of the global engineering plastics market. According to statistics, the Asia-Pacific region accounted for 47.9% of the global engineering plastics market demand in 2013. It is expected that in 2018, the Asia-Pacific region will continue to maintain the largest engineering plastics market in the world, followed by the Western European market. In the next five years, the average annual growth rate of engineering plastics market demand is expected to be 7.8%.
main species
Engineering plastics mainly include polycarbonate (Polycarbonate, PC), polyamide (nylon, Polyamide, PA), polyoxymethylene (Polyacetal, Polyoxy Methylene, POM), polyphenylene oxide (Polyphenylene Oxide, PPO), polyester (PET, PBT ), polyphenylene sulfide (Polyphenylene Sulfide, PPS), polyaryl ester, etc.


Polyamide
Polyamide (PA, commonly known as: nylon) has won people’s attention because of its unique low specific gravity, high tensile strength, wear resistance, good self-lubricating property, excellent impact toughness, rigidity and flexibility. In addition, it is easy to process, efficient, light in weight (only 1/7 of metal), can be processed into various products instead of metal, and is widely used in the automotive and transportation industries. Typical products include pump impellers, fan blades, valve seats, bushings, bearings, various instrument panels, automotive electrical instruments, hot and cold air conditioning valves, etc. Each car consumes about 3.6-4 kg of nylon products. Polyamides account for the largest proportion of consumption in the automotive industry, followed by electrical and electronic products.
Polyamide modification can be divided into reinforced, toughened, flame retardant, filled and alloyed. Research on polyamide nanocomposites has also made great progress.
In order to obtain polyamide materials with higher strength and heat distortion temperature, inorganic or organic fibers or fillers are added to the polyamide matrix, and high-strength polyamide composites are made by blending and extrusion. There are many varieties of PA, and almost all polyamide materials can be made into reinforced varieties.
The main commercial varieties include enhanced PA6, enhanced PA66, enhanced PA46, enhanced PA1010, enhanced PA610, etc. The largest output is to increase PA6 and PA66. Commonly used polyamide reinforcement materials include glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber, and inorganic whiskers are also used for polyamide reinforcement.

Polyphenylene sulfide
Abbreviated as PPS.
The outstanding properties of PPS are: ① good heat resistance, used in the temperature range of 180 ~ 220 ℃; ② close to the corrosion resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene; ③ excellent electrical properties; ④ excellent mechanical properties; ⑤ good flame retardant properties.
The disadvantages of PPS are: ① the price is too high, and the price of high-temperature-resistant plastics is low, but it is much higher than that of ordinary engineering plastics; ② poor toughness and brittleness; ③ unstable viscosity. PPS is rarely used alone because of its brittleness, and PPS is its modified variety. Specifically: 40% reinforced glass fiber PPS (R4), inorganic filled PPS (R8), carbon fiber reinforced PPS (G6), etc. PPS is used for 45% of vehicles, 30% for electronics and electrical appliances, and 25% for others. PPS It is developing rapidly and is expected to become the sixth largest engineering plastic.


polycarbonate
Polycarbonate (PC) not only has the strength similar to non-ferrous metals, but also has ductility and toughness. Its impact strength is impact strength. Hitting it with a hammer will not damage it. It can withstand explosions from TV screens. Polycarbonate has excellent clarity, any color. Due to the excellent performance of polycarbonate, it has been widely used in various safety lampshades, signal lights, transparent protective panels for stadiums and stadiums, lighting glass, high-rise building glass, automotive reflectors, windshield panels, aircraft cockpit glass and motorcycles. Car driving helmet. The largest markets are computers, office equipment, automobiles, replacement glass and plates, and CD and DVD discs are one of the most potential markets.

POM
Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a kind of engineering plastic with excellent performance, and it is called duracon and super steel abroad. POM has the hardness, strength and steel properties similar to metal, and has good self-lubrication, fatigue resistance and elasticity in a wide range of temperature and humidity. In addition, it has good chemical resistance. Because the cost of POM is lower than many other engineering plastics, it is replacing some traditional metal markets, such as many parts of zinc, brass, aluminum and steel. Since its launch, POM has been widely used in electrical and electronic, mechanical, instrumentation, daily Light industry, automobile, building materials, agriculture and other fields. In many new fields of application, such as medical technology, sports equipment, etc., POM also shows a good growth trend.

PBT
Butylene phthalate polypolybutylene phthalate (PBT) thermoplastic polyester is a non-reinforced polyester PBT processing performance and electrical properties are superior to other thermoplastic engineering plastics. PBT has a low glass transition temperature, can crystallize rapidly when the mold temperature is 50°C, and the processing cycle is short. Butylene phthalate Polybutylene phthalate (PBT) is widely used in the electronics, electrical and automotive industries. PBT’s high insulation and temperature resistance can be used as TV flyback transformers, automobile distributors and ignition coils, office equipment shells and bases, various automotive exterior parts, air-conditioning fans, electronic furnace bases, and office equipment shells.
Polyphenylene ether

Abbreviated as PPO. Excellent overall performance, the biggest feature is good dimensional stability, outstanding electrical insulation under long-term load, wide operating temperature range, and can be used for a long time in the range of -127 ~ 121 ℃. It has excellent water resistance and steam resistance, and the products have high tensile strength and impact strength, and good creep resistance. In addition, it has good wear resistance and electrical properties. It is mainly used to replace stainless steel in the manufacture of surgical medical instruments. In the electromechanical industry, gears, blower blades, pipes, valves, screws, and other fasteners and connections can be made, and they can also be used to make parts in the electronics and electrical industries, such as coil skeletons and printed circuit boards.

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